The Numbers Behind Great Olive Oil
When choosing extra virgin olive oil, most people focus on polyphenols. But truly exceptional olive oil is defined by more than just antioxidant levels. The real story of quality lies in a combination of key measurements that reveal freshness, craftsmanship and flavour intensity.
If you want to understand what makes high quality extra virgin olive oil stand out, here are the numbers that matter.
1. Polyphenols - Antioxidant Strength
Polyphenols are natural compounds found in olives that act as antioxidants. They are responsible for the peppery sensation at the back of your throat and the bitterness of fresh oil.
- Higher antioxidant content
- More robust flavour
- Better natural stability
- Stronger peppery finish
Oils above 250 mg/kg qualify for the EU health claim relating to protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress.
2. Acidity - Olive Health and Harvest Care
Acidity does not refer to taste. It measures the percentage of free fatty acids and reflects the condition of the olives before pressing.
- Lower acidity means healthier olives
- Indicates fast milling after harvest
- Shows careful handling and production
Extra virgin olive oil must be below 0.8 percent. Premium oils are often below 0.3 percent.
3. Peroxide Value - Freshness Indicator
Peroxide value measures early oxidation and overall freshness.
- Lower numbers indicate fresher oil
- Shows proper storage
- Reflects protection from heat and light
The legal limit is 20. High quality oils are typically below 10.
4. Fruity Intensity - Professional Tasting Score
Every genuine extra virgin olive oil is assessed by a trained sensory panel. The fruity score reveals the strength of flavour and character.
- Low score - delicate and mild
- Medium score - balanced and versatile
- High score - robust and intense
Why These Numbers Matter
Together, polyphenols, acidity, peroxide value and fruity intensity create a complete quality profile. True excellence balances strength, freshness, stability and character.
How to Choose the Right Olive Oil
- For bold flavour, choose high polyphenols and strong fruity intensity
- For everyday versatility, choose moderate polyphenols and low acidity
- For maximum freshness, look for low peroxide value and recent harvest
Not all extra virgin olive oil is equal. By understanding these key measurements, you can confidently choose oils that are truly exceptional.